What type of conditioning does a token economy primarily rely on?

A token economy primarily relies on operant conditioning, which is a learning process through which behavior is modified by its consequences. In a token economy, desired behaviors are reinforced with tokens, which can later be exchanged for various rewards. This approach emphasizes the use of positive reinforcement to encourage specific behaviors, making it a practical application of operant conditioning principles.

In this system, the tokens act as secondary reinforcers; they derive their value from the fact that they can be exchanged for something of value (like privileges or tangible rewards). The immediate reinforcement of positive behaviors through tokens helps to increase the likelihood that those behaviors will be repeated in the future.

Understanding that operant conditioning focuses on behavior modification through rewards (reinforcers) and punishments clarifies why a token economy is a quintessential example of this behavioral framework. This method contrasts with other conditioning types, like Pavlovian conditioning, which involves learning through association rather than behavior modification through reinforcement.