What is one of the primary characteristics of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

One of the primary characteristics of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is hostility towards peers and authority figures. Children and adolescents with ODD typically display a pattern of angry, irritable mood, argumentative behavior, or vindictiveness. They often exhibit a consistent defiance to rules and requests made by adults, leading to confrontational interactions. This hostility can manifest through verbal outbursts, refusal to comply with requests, and frequent arguments, particularly with authority figures such as parents, teachers, and other adults.

The other characteristics mentioned, such as cooperative behavior towards authority figures, increased participation in group activities, and withdrawal from social interactions, are not aligned with the behavioral patterns seen in ODD. Instead, individuals with ODD generally struggle with managing their emotions and relationships, which can lead to difficulties in both social settings and structured environments.